How can you loose you weight at home by easy steps

Helo Guys,

Are you worried about you health or people often used to call fat boy or fat girl . you seem like smart and good looking by follow these steps

1   Cut out sugar. High-fructose corn syrup, sugary drinks and processed foods are responsible for packing on fat. Some doctors believe the best way to cut belly fat quickly is to stop sugar overuse. ^[1]

• Many people eat sugary or fatty foods when they are stressed. If you have developed this habit, replace the foods you normally eat with the foods that are helpful, such as low-fat Greek yogurt, 100 calories of almonds, carrot sticks or fruit.
• Fruit is the best way to get sugar and nutritional benefits at once. The fiber in fruit can promote healthy digestion and weight loss, unlike most desserts

2   Cut out alcoholic drinks. People who drink more than 2 alcoholic beverages per night are at high risk for too much visceral fat. Even removing 1 alcoholic beverage per day can cut 200 calories from your die

3  Stop eating high-fat foods. Replace butter and vegetable oil with avocado oil, olive oil and coconut oil, which are rich in good fats. Keep all fats in moderate doses. 

4 Stop eating out. Cook fresh food from home this week to avoid consuming too much sugar and fat.

IAS 16 plant, property and Equipment

 

IAS 16: PLANT, Property and Equipment

IAS 16 is standard to presecribe the accounting treatment for property, plant and equipment hence users of the financial statements can use information about an entity's investment in its property, plant and equipment and the changes in such investment.

The principle issues in accounting for property, plant and equipment are the recognition of the assets, the determination of their carrying amounts and the depreciation chargres are to be recognized.

1. Property, plant and equipment are tangible
2. Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be recognized as an asset
3. Cost of property, plant and equipment includes:

• Purchase price
• Import duties
• Non-refunable purchases taxes, after deducting trade Discounts and rebates.
• Cost incurred to bring it to the point of allocation

Measurement after recognition:

Plant , property and equipment can be measured from any one of the following models

1. Cost Model
2. Revaluation Model

Cost Model

Cost model is that plant, property and equipment shall be carried at its cost less accomulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses

Revaluation Model

Under the revaluation model, revaluations should be carried out regulary, so that the carrying amount of an asset does not differ materially from its fair value at the balance sheet date [IAS16.31]

If an item is revalued, the entire class of assets to which that asset belongs should be revalued [IAS16.36]

Depreciation

It is systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life.

1. The depreciation charge for each period shall be recognized in profit or loss unless it is included in the carriying amount of another asset. The depreeiation method used shall reflect that pattern in which the asset's future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the entity.
2. The resdual value of an asset is the estimated amount that an entity would currently oabtain from disposal of the asset, after deducting the esimated costs of disposal, if the asset were already of the age and in the condition expected at  the end of its useful life

Disclosure

For each class of property, plant and equipment disclose [IAS 16.73]

Basis for measuring carring amount 

Depreciation methods used useful lives or depreciation rates gross carrying amount and accumulated depreciation and impairment losses 

Cash flow satement

                                                     STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS


INTRODUCTION:\


        Cash flow is an important consideration for all companies, but particularly for a giant company like Kraft Foods Insurance as it continuously expands its global reach Kraft Foods Insurance 2007 annual report includes its statement of cash flows . The statement is one of the major financial statements required for companies to provide information to investors, creditors, and other that is in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles 


PURPOSE OF THE STATEMENT:


         The objective of a statement of cash flows is to provide information about the cash receipts and cash payments of a business entity during the accounting period. The term cash flow includes both cash receipts and payments. In a statement of cash flows, information about cash receipts and cash payments is classified in terms of the company's operating activities , investing activities , and financing activities . The statement of cash flows assists investors, creditors, and others in assessing such factors as:

• The company's ability to generate positive cash flows in future periods.
• The company's ability to meet its obligations and to pay dividends.
• The company's need for external financing.
• Reasons for differences between the amount of net income and the related net cash flow from operating activities.
• Both the cash and non cash aspects of the company's investment and financing transaction for the period.
• Causes of the change in the amount of cash and cash equivalents between the beginning and the end of the accounting period.

         For this reason, the statement of cash flows is useful to virtually everyone interested in the company's financial health, short and long term creditors, investors, management and both current and prospective competitors.
.
CLASSIFICATION OF CASH FLOWS


       This cash flows shown in the statement are presented in three major categories 

• Operating activities
• Investing activities 
• financing activities

OPERATING ACTIVITIES:


       The operating activities section shows the cash effects of revenue and expense transactions.
Stated another way, the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows includes the cash effects of those transactions reported in the continuing operations section of the income statement.


Cash flows from operating activities include.


CASH RECEIPTS

• Collections from customers for sales of goods and services 
• Interest and dividends receives
• Receipts from operations

CASH PAYMENTS

• Payment to suppliers of merchandise and services, Including payments to employees
• Payment of interest
• Payments of income taxes
• expenditures relating to operations

INVESTING ACTIVITIES


            Cash flows relating to investing activities present the cash effects of transactions involving plant assets, intangible assets, and investments . They include


CASH RECEIPTS

• Cash proceeds form selling investment and plant and intangible assets
• Cash proceeds from collecting principal amounts on loans 

CASH PAYMENTS

•  Payments to acquire investments and plant and intangible assets
• Amounts advanced to borrowers

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Cash flows classified as financing activities include the following items that result from debt and equity financing transactions.

CASH RECEIPTS

• Proceeds from both short term and long term borrowing 
• cash received from owners 

CASH PAYMENTS

• Repayment of amounts borrowed 
• Payments to owners such as cash dividends

Methods of cash flow statement

• Direct Method
• Indirect Method 

Specimen of Cash Flow Statement

Indirect Method

                                                           BANK RECONCILIATION STATEMENT

INTORDUCATION

           A bank reconciliation is a schedule ecplaning any difference between the balance shown in the bank statement and the balance shown in the depositor's accounting records. The bank and the depositor maintain indeendent records of the deposits, the checks, and the current balance of the bank account. Each month, the depositor should prepare a bank reconciliation to verify that these independent sets of records are in agreement. This reconcillation may disclose internal control failures, such as unauthorized cash disbursements or failure to deposit cash receipts, as well as errors in either the bank statement or the depositor's accounting records.In addition , the reconciliation identifies certain transactions that must be recorded in the depositor's accounting records and helps to determine the actual amount of cash on deposit.

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 Normal Differences between Bank Records and Accounting Record

   The balance shown in a monthly bank statement seldom equals the balance appearing in the 

depositor's accounting records. Certain transactions recorded by the depositor may not have 

been recorded by the bank. The most common example are:

OUTSTANDING CHECKS:

Checks issued and recorded by the company but not yet presented in the bank for payment.

DEPOSITS IN TRANSIT:

Cash receipts recorded by the depositor that reached the bank too late to be included in the bank 

statement for the current month.

SERVICE CHARGES:

Banks often charge a fee for handling small accounts. The amount of this charge usually depends on

both the average balance of the account and the number of checks paid during the month.

CHARGES FOR DEPOSITING NSF CHECKS:

NSF stands for "NOT SUFFICIENT FUNDS."  When checks from customers are deposited, the bank 

generally gives the depositor immediate credit. On occasion, one of these checks may prove to be uncollectible, because the customer who wrote the check did not have sufficient funds in his or her account.

CREDITS FOR INTEREST EARNED

Tthe checking accounts of unincorporated businesses often earn interest. At mont end, this interest is credited to the depositor's account and reported in the bank statement.

MISCELLANEOUS BANK CHARGES AND CREDIT:

Bank charge for services such as printing checks, handling collection of notes receivable , and processing. 

NSF checks. The bank deducts these chareges from the depositor's account and notifies the depositor by 

including a debit memeorandum in the monthly bank statement. If the bank collects a note receivable on

behlf of the depositor, it credits the depositor's account and issues a credit memorandum

STEP IN PREPARING A BANK RECONCILIATION:

1 Compare deposits listed in teh bank statement with the deposits shown in the acccounting 

records. Any deposits not yet recorded by the bank are deposits in transit and should be 

added to the balance shown in the bank statement

2 Compare checks paid by the bank with the corresponding entries in the accounting records .

    Any checks issued but not yet paid by the bank should be listed as outstanding checks to be 

    deducted from the balance reported in the bank statement.

3 Add to the balance p[er the depositor's accounting records any credit memorands issued by 

     the bank that have not been recorded by the depositor.

4 Deduct from the balance per the depositor's records any debit memoranda issued by the bank that have    not been recorded by the depositor.

5 Make appropriate adjustments to correct any errors in either the bank statement or the depositor's

accounting records.

6 Determine that the adjusted balance of the bank statement is equal to the adjusted balance in the 

depositor's records.

7 Prepare journal entries to record any items in the bank reconciliation listed as adjustments to the

balance per the depositor's records. 

IAS 2 Inventories

IAS 2 Inventories

The objective of this Standard is to prescribe the accounting treatment for inventories.
A primary issue in accounting for inventories is the amount of cost to be recognised as
an asset and carried forward until the related revenues are recognised.  This Standard
provides guidance on the determination of cost and its subsequent recognition as an
expense, including any write-down to net realisable value.  It also provides guidance
on the cost formulas that are used to assign costs to inventories.
Inventories shall be measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business
less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the
sale.
The cost of inventories shall comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and
other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.
The cost of inventories shall be assigned  by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) or
weighted average cost formula.    An entity shall use the same cost formula for all
inventories having a similar nature and use  to the entity.  For inventories with a
different nature or use, different cost formulas may be justified.  However, the cost of
inventories of items that are not ordinarily interchangeable and goods or services
produced and segregated for specific projects shall be assigned by using specific
identification of their individual costs.
When inventories are sold, the carrying  amount of those inventories shall be
recognised as an expense in  the period in which the related revenue is recognised.
The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realisable value and all losses of
inventories shall be recognised as an expense in the period the write-down or loss
occurs.  The amount of any reversal of any write-down of inventories, arising from an
increase in net realisable value, shall be recognised as a reduction in the amount of
inventories recognised as an expense in the period in which the reversal occurs

God is great

what is accounting cycle

   Accounting cycle
 For getting the knowledge about accounting cycle firstly we have to know what is an accounting cycle ..Accounting cycle is a process in which the data is finalised or stated with a profit or loss at the end. It provides complete information of the entries and their postings. Following are the steps of accounting cycle:-

 1. Collecting data 

      2. Analyzing the data

                    3. Recording the transactions 

               4. Preparing the general ledger

                                 5. Making the trial balance and adjusting it

6. Income statement

              7. Statement of retained earnings

8. Financial statement  

           

JOURNAL :-
                               It is the first book of accounting cycle. Journal is a book of accounts in which the record of daily happening is written in the form of entries on specific date. It is also called a day book, a book of original entry etc. The process of writing entries in a journal is known as "JOURNALISING". It is widely used in accounting cycles. It is the first step of maintaining accounting data. With the help of journal we can easily recognize as to what is being increased of decreased in our business.

Ledger :-
              The second book of accounts is the ledger. Ledger is a book in which the record of each entry is individually posted in their accounts and this process is known as "POSTING". We can also say that ledger is "A book in which the monetary transactions of a business are posted in the form of debits and credits". In this book we can clearly find out the accounts and their balances. It helps a lot in providing the further information to other books of account.

Trial balance:-
                    Trial balance is a two column statement of debit and credit. A trial balance proves the equality of debit and credit. Trial balance contains both BALANCE SHEET and INCOME STATEMENT ACCOUNTS. The total of the debit and credit columns should agree.

Income statement:-
                           Income statement is an activity statement that shows details and results of the company's profit retained activities for a period of time. It also helps in depicting the revenues and expenses.

Statement of retained earnings:-
                             Retained earnings is a revenue to the owner of the business. Retained earnings is a portion of net income not paid out to investors in a business.

Financial statement:-

                              Financial statements are those statements which gives the financial position of the business as to what had earned (profit or loss). They are finalised normally on yearly basis ...